JPMorgan Chase

JPMorgan Chase & Co. is a United States financial holding company listed on the New York Stock Exchange, with roots stretching back to the eighteenth century through its predecessor institutions.

It operates across consumer banking, commercial banking, investment banking, markets trading and asset and wealth management. Its scale means it is simultaneously a lender, a market maker, a custodian of other institutions’ assets and an adviser on the transactions it also finances.

For readers, the useful signal is not the bank’s own results but what its lending standards, its research and its risk appetite say about credit conditions in markets it chooses to enter or leave.